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are encouraged to participate in clinical trials, one major

bottleneck is the lack of trials willing to accept RKC patients.

Even trials specifically aimed at RCCs will exclude the vast

majority RKCs. It is of utmost importance to communicate

the need for these studies to pharmaceutical companies and

academic centers.

Author contributions:

Rachel H. Giles had full access to all the data in the

study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the

accuracy of the data analysis.

Study concept and design:

None.

Acquisition of data:

None.

Analysis and interpretation of data:

None.

Drafting of the manuscript:

Giles, Bex.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content:

Choueiri, Heng, Albiges, Hsieh, Linehan, Pal, Maskens, Paseman, Jonasch,

Malouf, Molina, Pickering, Shuch, Srinivas, Srinivasan, Tannir.

Statistical analysis:

None.

Obtaining funding:

None.

Administrative, technical, or material support:

None.

Supervision:

None.

Other:

None.

Financial disclosures:

Rachel H. Giles certifies that all conflicts of interest,

including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations

relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript

(eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria,

stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed,

received, or pending), are the following: Rachel Giles and Deborah

Maskens: IKCC receives funding from BMS, Eisai, Pfizer Oncology,

Novartis, Exelixis, Ipsen, Merck MSD. Toni Choueiri: consulting or

advisory board: AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cerulean, Eisai, Foundation

Medicine Inc., Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Peloton,

Pfizer, Prometheus Labs Inc, Roche, Eisai; research funding: AstraZeneca,

BMS, Exelixis, Genentech, GSK, Merck, Novartis, Peloton, Pfizer, Roche,

Tracon, Eisai. Laurence Albiges: receipt of honoraria or consultation fees

fromNovartis, Pfizer, BMS. Eric Jonasch: research funding: Exelixis, Pfizer,

Novartis; honoraria: BMS, Eisai, Exelixis, Novartis, Pfizer. Gabriel Malouf:

research funding: Novartis, Pfizer; consulting: Novartis, Pfizer, BMS,

Janssen. Ana Molina: consulting fees from Novartis, Exelixis and EISAI.

Marston Linehan: none. Lisa Pickering: consultancies and/or honoraria:

BMS, Ipsen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer. Brian Shuch: none. Nizar Tannir: travel/

honoraria and consulting: BMS, Exelixis, Nektar, Novartis, Pfizer, Argos,

Calithera; research: BMS, Exelixis, Epizyme, Novartis, Miranti. James

Hsieh: consultant for Pfizer, Eisai, Chugai; receipt of research funding

from Pfizer, Novartis, Eisai, Cancer Genomics Inc. Axel Bex: consultant for

Pfizer, Novartis, Ipsen; honorarium from Pfizer; Trial participation with

Roche, BMS; receipt of grants/research support: Pfizer.

Funding/Support and role of the sponsor:

James J. Hsieh is sponsored by

the Tuttle Family Rare Kidney Cancer Fund.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data associated with this article can be

found, in the online version, at

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. eururo.2017.06.040 .

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